9600 BPS Faxmodem  (250-3030)       Operations         Faxback Doc. # 5242

USING YOUR FAX/MODEM

Chapter 2 is an overview on using your FAX/MODEM. Topics include:

* Communications software
* Non-volatile memory
* FAX/MODEM compatibility
* Baud rate and connection speeds to other modems
* Valid character formats
* Leased-line operation

USING COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE

This document is a brief overview on general modem use. It is not intended 
to replace the product manual; rather it is meant to offer a quick route
towards getting the fax/modem up and running.

To use your FAX/MODEM with a personal computer, you will need a communicat-
ions or terminal emulation software program. The communications software 
program will make it easy to send instructions (in the form of commands) to 
your FAX/MODEM to have it perform various tasks, such as dialing a call, 
answering  a call, or changing its operating characteristics.

Because your FAX/MODEM is compatible with the Hayes AT command set, it will
work with virtually any communications software designed for your computer.

Your FAX/MODEM also supports V.42bis and MNP5 data compression, which 
requires the software to support hardware (CTS/RTS) flow control and soft-
ware packages support flow control, including the following PC- and 
Macintosh-compatible software.

A PARTIAL LIST OF PC-COMPATIBLE SOFTWARE

Bitcom Deluxe                     Carbon Copy Plus
Crosstalk XVI and Mark IV         HyperAcess
Microsoft Windows                 Mirror II and III
MTEZ                              ProComm Plus
Quick Link II                     Qmodem SST
Remote 2 (Host)                   Smartcom III
Telix

A PARTIAL LIST OF MACINTOSH-COMPATIBLE SOFTWARE

Microphone II                     Quick Link II
Red Ryder                         Smartcom for Mac
STF                               White Knight
Z Term

SYNCHRONOUS OPERATION

Your FAX/MODEM also supports synchronous communications. If you will be
performing synchronous communications, you will need special software that
supports the synchronous port on your computer or terminal. If you do not 
have such software, refer to the computer manufacturer's instructions or 
contact the manufacturer for recommended software.

SETTING UP YOUR COMMUNICATIONS SOFTWARE

The first time your use your communications software, you may be asked to
select the "modem type" from a menu. If you don't see this FAX/MODEM listed by
name on the menu, select Hayes Smartmodem 9600 or Hayes V-series V.42 (for 
the V.32 FAX/MODEM), or Hayes Ultra 14400 bps (for the V.32bis FAX/MODEM).

SPECIFYING MODEM OPTIONS

If your communications software program does not ask you to specify the type
of modem you are using, you may be asked to enter certain setup information.
in this case, enter the information specified in the Table 2-1. (If you did
specify the type of modem, or if the software itself sets up an 
initialization string, then you should not modify the setup provided by the
software.)

Table 2-1  Modem Options
┌────────────────────────────────┬─────────────────────────────────────────┐
│FOR THIS                        │ ENTER THIS                              │
│SETUP OPTION...                 │ INFORMATION...                          │
├────────────────────────────────┼─────────────────────────────────────────┤
│Initialization string (1)       │ AT &F &C1 &D2 <CR>                      │
│Dialing command                 │ ATDT                                    │
│Dialing command suffix          │ <CR>                                    │
│Hangup command (2)              │ ---+++---ATH0=1 <CR>                    │
│Auto-answer ON command          │ ATS0=1 <CR>                             │
│Wait for connection             │ 45 (seconds)                            │
│Pause between redial            │ 1 (second)                              │
│Auto-baud detect                │ ON                                      │
│Drop DTR to hangup?             │ YES                                     │
│Send init if CD high?           │ YES                                     │
│Hardware flow control           │ ON                                      │
│(RTS/CTS)?                      │                                         │
│Dialing directory entries       │ All should be set to 57,600 bps.        │
└────────────────────────────────┴─────────────────────────────────────────┘
(1) NOTE: Some software uses ! or ^M for carriage return. Also, you may want
to add S95=44 to your initialization string. This will cause your FAX/MODEM 
to send more information back to your software (and in some cases, to your
computer's monitor) about the type of connection your FAX/MODEM makes. See 
the description of Register S95 in Chapter 5 for details.

If you have a Macintosh, use only AT&F <CR>

(2) NOTE: - means pause. Use the pause character required by your software.

With this setup, all communications between your computer and FAX/MODEM will
occur at 57,600 bps, independent of your FAX/MODEM's connection to the 
remote modem. Your FAX/MODEM will automatically negotiate the fastest speed 
possible with the remote modem.

In some cases, the delay that occurs during auto-negotiation may cause a
problem. If you experience such a problem, type AT&Q6 from Command Mode and
press the Enter key to disable auto-negotiation. To enable auto-negotiation
again, type AT&Q5 from the Command Mode and press the Enter key.

START-UP SEQUENCE FOR EXTERNAL FAX/MODEMS

IMPORTANT: If you have an external FAX/MODEM, you should have the FAX/MODEM
turned on before you start up your communications or fax software. If your
FAX/MODEM is off when you start up the program, the FAX/MODEM will not 
receive the initialization string from the program and may not work properly.

An important example: This FAX/MODEM conforms to the Hayes standard for AT
commands, which means that it defaults to the command settings &C0 and &D0.
Many programs for PC-compatible computers, however, require that the 
FAX/MODEM be initialized with the commands &C1 and/or &D2; the programs 
therefore include these commands in the initialization. But if your FAX/MODEM 
is turned off when the program begins, the FAX/MODEM will not receive this 
critical string.

Another way of handling this situation is to store initialization commands 
in non-volatile memory, which is described on the next page.

DISABLING CALL WAITING

Some telephone companies offer a feature called "Call Waiting." This feature
beeps you when you receive an incoming call while using the telephone line.

You may appreciate this beep, but your FAX/MODEM doesn't. In fact, this beep
may disconnect your FAX/MODEM from the remote modem during data transmission.
Therefore, you should turn off Call Waiting, if possible, before making your
modem calls.

*70, turns off Call Waiting only for the duration of the next outgoing call.
When the call is over, Call Waiting will go back into effect. If you are not
sure whether *70, will turn off Call Waiting, check with your local telephone
company.

IMPORTANT: Unfortunately, there is no way to disable Call Waiting for a call
that you have received, so you may still have a problem due to Call Waiting
when you are receiving a call. See the description of Register S10 on page
5-11 for help with this problem.

NON-VOLATILE MEMORY

When you turn on your FAX/MODEM or reset it, your FAX/MODEM loads the "active
configuration profile" into non-volatile memory (NVRAM). The active
configuration profile is a group of configuration settings, derived from the
values of the FAX/MODEM's internal S-registers, that define how the FAX/MODEM
will operate when it's turned on or reset. The active configuration or one 
of two user-defined profiles.

FACTORY CONFIGURATION PROFILE

The first time your turn on your FAX/MODEM, the factory configuration profile
becomes the "active" configuration profile. This profile is a group of 
standard operating parameters that will allow most users to begin sending 
and receiving data as soon as the FAX/MODEM is installed and the 
communications software is loaded. The factory configuration profile is 
stored in the FAX/MODEM's Read-Only Memory (ROM) and cannot be changed.

Page Quick Reference-8 in the Quick-Reference Guide shows the factory
configuration profile.

If you change your FAX/MODEM's operating characteristics and want to return 
to the factory configuration profile type AT&F and press the Enter key. A 
copy of the factory configuration profile will be loaded into the active 
configuration profile.

If you want the factory configuration profile to be the active configuration
profile the next time your turn on or reset your FAX/MODEM: Type AT&Y&F&W 
and press the Enter key. The factory settings will be written to 
configuration profile 0 in non-volatile memory.

CREATING USER-DEFINED CONFIGURATION PROFILES

For your convenience, your FAX/MODEM lets you store two sets of operating
characteristics in non-volatile memory. If you use certain commands or
characteristics over and over again, you should store them in the user-
defined configuration profiles. Any command not stored will be set to match 
the factory default settings.

The following commands can be stored: Bn,En,Ln,Mn,Nn,P or T dial modifiers,
Qn,Vn,Wn,Xn,Yn,&Cn,&Dn,&Gn,&Jn,&Kn,&Pn,&Qn,&Rn,&Sn,&T4,&T5, and &Xn. For
information on these commands, refer to Chapter 4.

The following registers can have their values stored: S0,S2 through S12, S14
and S15, S18, S21 through S23, S25 through S41, S44, S46, S48 through S50,
S82, S86, S91, and S95. For information on these registers, refer to Chapter
5.

You can also store telephone numbers using the &Z0, &Z1, &Z2, and &Z3
commands. For more information, refer to Chapter 4.

CREATING THE FIRST PROFILE

To create the first user-defined configuration profile:

Type the command you want to store in the first user-defined configuration
profile and type the &W0 command as the last command in the command line. For
example, suppose you want the first profile to store the following commands:

* &C1--DCD follows the remote carrier signal.
* L0--low speaker volume.
* M2--keep the speaker always on.
* S95=44--enable compression, carrier, and protocol responses.

Your command line would look like:  AT&C1L0M2S95=44&W0

Press the Enter key. The commands are stored in configuration profile 0.

To have the FAX/MODEM use this profile, send the &Y0 command as described 
under "Specifying the power-up profile," below.

CREATING THE SECOND PROFILE

To create a second user-defined configuration profile:

Type the commands you want to store in the second user-defined configuration
profile and type the &W1 command as the last command in the command line.

Press the Enter key.

The commands are stored in configuration profile 1.

To have the FAX/MODEM use this profile, send the &Y1 command as described 
under "Specifying the power-up profile," below

SPECIFYING THE POWER-UP PROFILE

You can use the &Y command to have the FAX/MODEM load one of two stored 
profiles after it is turned on or reset via hardware. These profiles can come 
from location 0 or 1 in non-volatile memory.

To load the user-defined configuration profile stored with the &W0 command:

Type AT&Y0 and press the Enter key.

The FAX/MODEM will use the configuration profile stored in location 0 after it 
is turned on or reset via hardware.

To load the user-defined configuration profile stored with the &W1 command:

Type AT&Y1 and press the Enter key.

The FAX/MODEM will use the configuration profile stored in location 1 after it 
is turned on or reset via hardware.

VIEWING THE CONFIGURATION PROFILES

Using the &V command, you can view the active configuration profile, the two 
user-defined configuration profiles, and any stored telephone numbers.

Type AT&V.

Press the Enter key.

A screen similar to that shown in Figure 2-1 appears.

COMPATIBILITY

Table 2-4 shows the bit per second (bps) rate and data formats your FAX/MODEM
can use.

 TABLE 2-4   COMPATIBILITY
┌─────────────────┬─────────────────┬──────────────────────────────────────┐
│BAUD RATE (BPS)  │ DATA FORMAT     │ COMPATIBILITY                        │
├─────────────────┼─────────────────┼──────────────────────────────────────┤
│0-300            │ Asynchronous    │ CCITT V.21, Bell 103                 │
│1200             │ Asynchronous    │                                      │
│                 │ or Synchronous  │ CCITT V.22, Bell 212A                │
│2400             │ Asynchronous    │ CCITT V.22bis                        │
│                 │ or Synchronous  │                                      │
│4800             │ Asynchronous    │ CCITT V.32 and V.32bis               │
│                 │ or Synchronous  │                                      │
│7200             │ Asynchronous    │ CCITT V.32bis only                   │
│                 │ or Synchronous  │                                      │
│9600             │ Asynchronous    │ CCITT V.32 and V.32bis               │
│                 │ or Synchronous  │                                      │
│12000            │ Asynchronous    │ CCITT V.32bis only                   │
│                 │ or Synchronous  │                                      │
│14400            │ Asynchronous    │ CCITT V.32bis only                   │
│                 │ or Synchronous  │                                      │
└─────────────────┴─────────────┬───┴──────────────────────────────────────┘
The speed and compatibility (CCITT or Bell) used to exchange data with a
remote system is governed by the N0 or N1 command in effect. The N0 command is
described on page 2-16.         
                                
N0 COMMAND IN EFFECT            
                                
Use the N0 command if you want to accept only particular connections. When 
the N0 command is in effect, your FAX/MODEM will use the values of Register 
S37 and the B command, and sense the computer-to-fax/modem speed, to set the 
required speed and compatibility for this connection (see Table 2-5).

For example, if Register S37 is set to 0, the B1 command is in effect, and
your FAX/MODEM senses the computer-to-fax/modem speed at 1200 bps, your 
FAX/MODEM will allow a Bell 212A connection at 1200 bps.

TABLE 2-5  N0 COMMAND IN EFFECT
┌─────────────┬─────────────┬─────────────────────┬────────────────────────┐
│S37          │"B" COMMAND  │ SPEED COMPUTER-     │ REQUIRED TELEPHONE     │
│SETTING      │IN EFFECT    │ TO-FAX/MODEM SENSED │ LINE SPEED             │
├─────────────┼─────────────┼─────────────────────┼────────────────────────┤
│0            │   0         │ < 600               │ V.21 300               │
│0            │   0         │ 1200                │ V.22 1200              │
│0            │   --        │ 2400                │ V.22bis 2400           │
│0            │   --        │ 4800                │ V.32bis 4800*          │
│0            │   --        │ 9600                │ V.32bis 9600*          │
│0            │   0         │ Other               │ V.32bis 14400          │
│0            │   1         │ <600                │ Bell 103 300           │
│0            │   1         │ 1200                │ Bell 212A 1200         │
│1-3 (300)    │   0         │ --                  │ V.21 300               │
│5 (1200)     │   0         │ --                  │ V.22bis 1200           │
│6 (2400)     │   --        │ --                  │ V.22bis 2400           │
│1-3 (300)    │   1         │ --                  │ Bell 103 300           │
│5 (1200)     │   1         │ --                  │ Bell 212A 1200         │
│7 Reserved   │   --        │ --                  │ Reserved               │
│8 (4800)     │   --        │ --                  │ V.32bis 4800*          │
│9 (9400)     │   --        │ --                  │ V.32bis 9600*          │
│10 (12000)   │   --        │ --                  │ V.32bis 12000          │
│11 (14400)   │   --        │ --                  │ V.32bis 14400          │
│12 (7200)    │   --        │ --                  │ V.32bis 7200           │
└─────────────┴─────────────┴─────────────────────┴────────────────────────┘
* If a V32 mode connects with your FAX/MODEM at 9600 or 4800 bps, the 
resulting line protocol will be V.32 9600 or 4800, respectively.

N1 COMMAND IN EFFECT

When the N1 command is in effect, your FAX/MODEM uses its automode detect 
capabilities to automatically set the FAX/MODEM to the fastest speed 
supported by both modems. it begins this "negotiation" at the fastest 
possible connection speed and decreases speed until a connection is 
established. This is called "auto-reliable" operation.

CHARACTER FORMAT

To communicate asynchronously with another modem, the character length and 
format of your system must match with that of the remote asynchronous system. 
Table 2-6 shows the valid character formats.

TABLE 2-6   CHARACTER FORMATS
┌───────────┬──────────────────┬───────────────┬───────────────────────────┐
│PARITY     │  DATA LENGTH     │   STOP BITS   │  CHARACTER LENGTH         │
├───────────┼──────────────────┼───────────────┼───────────────────────────┤
│None       │        7         │      2        │         10                │
│Odd        │        7         │      1        │         10                │
│Even       │        7         │      1        │         10                │
│None       │        8         │      1        │         10                │
│Odd        │        8         │      1        │         11*               │
│Even       │        8         │      1        │         11*               │
└───────────┴──────────────────┴───────────────┴───────────────────────────┘
* 11-bit characters are sensed, but the parity bits are stripped off during 
data transmission in normal and error-correction modes. Direct mode does not 
strip off the parity bits.

The FAX/MODEM speed senses data with mark or space parity. However, the 
FAX/MODEM configures to different parities as follows:

DTE CONFIGURATION       FAX/MODEM CONFIGURATION

7 mark                  7 none
7 space                 8 none
8 mark                  8 none
8 space                 8 even

LEASED-LINE OPERATION

You can use the &L1 command to configure your FAX/MODEM for use over a leased 
(private) telephone line. In leased-line applications, there is a FAX/MODEM 
at each end of the leased telephone line. One modem is configured to 
originate calls and the other is configured to automatically answer calls.

To perform asynchronous leased-line communications:

The person at the originating modem types AT&L1&D0S0=0 and presses the Enter 
key.

The person at the answering modem types AT&L1&D0S0=1 and presses the Enter 
key.

The person at the originating modem types ATX1D and presses the Enter key, 
while the person at the answering modem types ATA and presses the Enter key.

To perform synchronous leased-line communications:

Make sure you have stored a telephone number with the &Zn= command (refer to
Chapter 4).

The person at the originating modem types AT&Q2&L1&D0D0=0 and presses the 
Enter key.

The person at the answering modem types AT&Q1&L1&D0S0=1 and presses the Enter 
key.

If you want to store these commands into the FAX/MODEM's nonvolatile memory, 
add the command &W or &W1 (depending on the location where you want them 
stored) to the end of the above command lines for the originating and 
answering modems.

For and explanation of these commands, refer to Chapter 4.

OPERATING YOUR FAX/MODEM

Your FAX/MODEM is always in one of three operating modes, Command Mode, Data 
(or On-Line) Mode, or Fax Mode. Chapter 3 describes Command Mode and Data 
Mode and how to switch your FAX/MODEM between them. Operating your FAX/MODEM 
in Fax Mode is described in Chapter 9.

Normally, you won't need to switch between these modes during normal 
operation, since your communications software acts as a friendly interface 
to the FAX/MODEM.

OPERATING MODES

When used as a modem, your FAX/MODEM can be in either Command Mode and Data 
Mode.

COMMAND MODE--lets you send commands from your keyboard to your FAX/MODEM to 
perform a variety of functions.

DATA MODE--lets you exchange data across the telephone line with a remote 
modem. In Data Mode, your FAX/MODEM assumes everything it receives from your 
computer is data and sends it across the telephone line. Therefore, avoid 
sending a command (other than the escape sequence, described on page 3-3) to 
your FAX/MODEM while in Data Mode, because your FAX/MODEM will handle the
keystrokes as data.

The following sections describe how to enter these modes.

ENTERING COMMAND MODE

Your FAX/MODEM automatically enters the Command Mode after:

* You turn on your FAX/MODEM.

* You lose the data connection with the remote modem.

* The FAX/MODEM detects an ON-to-OFF transition on the Data Terminal Ready
  (DTR) circuit with the &D1 command in effect. If this happens, your 
  FAX/MODEM returns to Command Mode without hanging up. To hang up the 
  FAX/MODEM, send the H command or, if the &D2 command is in effect, have 
  your software turn off DTR.

* The FAX/MODEM detects an ON-to-OFF transition on the DTR circuit with the 
  &D2 command in effect. If this happens, your FAX/MODEM hangs up, resets 
  itself, loads the active configuration from nonvolatile memory, and 
  returns to Command Mode.

* The FAX/MODEM detects an ON-to-OFF transition on the DTR circuit with the 
  &D3 command in effect. If this happens, your FAX/MODEM hangs up, resets 
  itself, loads the active configuration from nonvolatile memory, and 
  returns to Command Mode.

* You touch any key on your computer keyboard while your FAX/MODEM is dialing.
  This will cause your FAX/MODEM to stop dialing, hang up, and return to 
  Command Mode.

IMPORTANT: If you reset the FAX/MODEM while it's in Command Mode, it remains 
in Command Mode and any data connection with a remote modem is terminated.

ENTERING DATA MODE

Your FAX/MODEM automatically enters Data Mode after making a data connection
with a remote modem. The two modems make the data connection using a process
called "handshaking."

Modems accomplish handshaking by sending high-pitched tones across the
telephone line. Normally you will hear these tones during the handshaking
process. By default, the speaker will be turned off when the carrier signal is
detected.

THE ESCAPE SEQUENCE FOR SWITCHING TO COMMAND MODE

After your FAX/MODEM makes a data connection with a remote modem, you can use
the escape sequence to return to Command Mode without breaking the data
connection. Refer to Faxback Doc. # 5216 for an explanation of the escape
sequence.

* You can now issue commands to perform such tasks as reading or changing 
  register values, or hanging up the FAX/MODEM.

* When you want to resume transmission, you can return to Data Mode and 
  optionally perform a retrain sequence, or try to establish a reliable 
  (MNP) connection:

   >To return to Data Mode--type AT0 and press the Enter key. Your FAX/MODEM 
    sends a CONNECT nnnn response (where nnnn indicates the speed of the 
    connection) and returns to Data Mode.

   >To return to Data Mode and initiate an equalizer retrain--type AT01 and 
    press the Enter key. Your FAX/MODEM sends a CONNECT nnnn response, 
    returns to Data Mode, and initiates an equalizer retrain.

    A retain sequence causes the connected modems to test the telephone line 
    and optimize their operation for transferring data over the telephone 
    line. Use this command if the telephone line condition has deteriorated 
    during the connection. This command works for 2400 bps and faster 
    connections.

   >T enter a reliable connection--type AT\0 and press the Enter key. Your 
    FAX/MODEM sends a CONNECT nnnn response and proceeds to exchange data 
    error-free with the remote MNP/V.42/V42bis modem. (For the reliable link 
    to succeed, the remote modem must also support MNP/V.42/V.42bis.)

IMPORTANT: If the &D2 command is in effect and you use the +++ characters to 
enter the Command Mode, an ON-to-OFF transition on the DTR interchange 
circuit has the same effect as sending the H (Hang Up) command.

(dtc-07/29/93)