EC-4034 Graphic Scientific Calculator (650-0804) Quick Start Faxback Doc. # 34135 Welcome to the world of Graphing Calculators and the Radio Shack EC-4034. Quick-Start is not a complete tutorial, but it will take you through many of the most common functions, from turning the power on through graphing complex equations. When you're done, you'll have mastered the basic operation of the EC-4034 and will be ready to proceed with the rest of this manual to learn the entire spectrum of functions the EC-4034 can perform. Each step of every example is shown graphically to help you follow along quickly and easily. For example, when you need to enter the number 57, we've indicated it as follows: Press (5) (7) Whenever necessary, we've included samples of what your screen should look like. If you find that your screen doesn't match the sample, or in fact you need to start over for any reason, you can do so by pressing the "All Clear" button. (AC) POWER ON/OFF To turn your unit on, press (AC) ON To turn your unit off, press (SHIFT) OFF (AC) NOTE: Your unit will automatically shut itself off after six minutes of inactivity. ADJUSTING THE CONTRAST 1. Press (MODE) The following screen will appear: Sys mode Cal mode 1:RUN +:COMP 2:WRT -:BASE-N 3:PCL X:SD /:REG ":COMM o:MATRIX REG model 4:LIN Contrast 5:LOG <:LIGHT 6:EXP >:DARK 7:PWR 2. Press (<) to lighten screen or (>) to darken screen. 3. Press (AC) to clear the screen. MODES The EC-4034 features a variety of modes that enable you to perform specific functions. To begin this Quick-Start guide, you will need to set the correct system mode and calculation mode. Setting the system mode 1. After turning the EC-4034 on, press (MODE) The following screen will appear: (SAME AS #1 ABOVE.) 2. Press (1) which corresponds to RUN in the box labeled Sys mode. The following screen or similar will appear: RUN / COMP G-TYPE : REC/CON angle : Deg display : Nrml You are now in the RUN mode, where you can perform manual computation and produce graphs. Setting the calculation mode 1. Press (MODE) 2. Press (+) which corresponds to COMP in the box labeled Cal mode. You are now in the COMPUTATION mode, where you can perform general computations, including functional computation. BASIC COMPUTATIONS Unlike a regular calculator, which lets you see only one step of your prob- lem at a time, the EC-4034 displays the entire problem on its large, comp- uter-like screen. You enter problems just as you would write them, as you will see in the following example: EXAMPLE: 15 x 3 + 61 1. Press (AC) to clear the screen. 2. Press (1) (5) (x) (3) (+) (6) (1) (EXE) The answer will appear on the screen as follows: 15 x 3 + 61 106. NOTE: In mixed arithmetic operations, the EC-4034 automatically gives priority to multiplication and division, and computes those opera- tions before addition and subtraction. Keep this problem displayed on your screen while you move on to the next example. Grouping within an equation You can also group certain operations within your equation using the parentheses keys ( ( ) ( ) ) EXAMPLE: 15 x (3 + 61) 1. Press (1) (5) (x) ( ( ) (3) (+) (6) (1) ( ) ) (EXE) The following screen will appear: 15 x 3 + 61 106. 15 x (3 + 61) 960. Note that your previous calculation remains on the screen. The new calculation is displayed beneath it for easy comparison. Now let's try a variation on that problem by positioning the parentheses differently. EXAMPLE: (15 x 3) + 61 1. Press ( ( ) (1) (5) (x) (3) ( ) ) (+) (6) (1) (EXE) The following screen will appear: 15 x 3 + 61 106. 15 x (3 + 61) 960. (15 x 3) + 61 106. As you can see, the EC-4034 displays all three problems simultaneously. USING BUILT-IN VALUES The EC-4034 features several convenient built-in functions and values that you can enter into your equations quickly and easily. EXAMPLE: 25 x sine of 45 (In Deg mode) 1. Press (AC) 2. Press (2) (5) (X) (sin) (4) (5) 3. Press (EXE) and the answer will appear on the screen as follows: 25 x sin 45 17.67766953 Using the Replay feature With the replay feature, you can go back in and change any part of your equation at any time, even after the EC-4034 computes the answer, without having to rewrite the entire equation. We'll use the previous equation as an example. Let's say you need to change the sine of 45 to sine of 55, but everything else in the equation remains the same. 1. Press (<) This will bring you back into the equation. 2. Press (<) twice so the flashing cursor is on the 4. 3. Press (5) to overwrite a 5. 4. Press (EXE) and the EC-4034 will quickly recompute the new solution: 25 x sin 55 20.47880111 FRACTIONS The EC-4034 makes it easy to work with fractions with its fraction key, (a b/c). On screen, the > symbol is entered between each value of the fraction. For example, 1 15/16 would appear as 1>15>16 EXAMPLE: 1 15/16 + 3 7/9 1. Press (AC) 2. Press (1) (a b/c) (1) (5) (a b/c) (1) (6) (+) (3) (7) (a b/c) (9) (EXE) The answer will appear on the screen as follows: 1>15>16> + 37>9 6>7>144 Converting the answer to a decimal equivalent With the answer still on your screen, 1. Press (EXE) (a b/c) and the decimal equivalent of your answer (6.048611111) will appear on the screen. Converting the answer to an improper fraction With the answer still on your screen, 1. Press (EXE) (SHIFT) (a b/c) and your answer (871>144) will appear on the screen in the form of an improper fraction. EXPONENTIALS EXPONENTIALS are another function the EC-4034 can perform quickly and easily EXAMPLE: 1250 x 2.06^5 1. Press (AC) 2. Press (1) (2) (5) (0) (x) (2) (.) (0) (6) 3. Now you are ready to enter the exponent value. Press the exponent key (X^Y) and X^Y will appear on the screen. The number directly preceding the X, in this case 2.06, is the base number. 4. Press (5) The number 5 now appears after the X^Y symbol, and represents the exponential value. 5. Press (EXE) and the answer will appear on the screen as follows: 1250 x 2.06 x^y5 46370.96297 GRAPHING The EC-4034 has the ability to present graphic solutions to a variety of complex equations. But before you can begin you must make sure you are in the correct GRAPH MODE: Setting the graph mode 1. Press (AC) (MODE) (SHIFT) and the second mode screen will appear: Stat data Graph type 1:STO +:REC 2:NON -:POL X:PARAM Stat graph /:INEQ 3:DRAW 4:NON- Draw type 5:CONNECT 6:PLOT 2. Press (+) which corresponds to REC in the box labeled Graph type, to set the graph mode to rectangular coordinate graph. 3. Press (MODE) (+) to set the COMP (computation) mode. Graphing a built-in function The EC-4034 can quickly create a graph of one of its built-in values or functions. EXAMPLE: y= sin x 4. Press (Graph) 5. Press (sin) (x is assumed) 6. Press (EXE) and the following graph will appear: (sine wave on x - y coordinate lines) Returning to the equation If you find that you need to return to your equation to change or replace certain values, you can do so simply by pressing the Graph-Text toggle key. (G<-->T). The EC-4034 has two separate areas of its memory: one for your formula, the other for graphs. 1. Press (G<-->T) once to see the equation, then again to see the graph. Trace function The trace function lets you select an exact point on the graph and display the coordinates of that point. 1. With the graph still on your screen, press (F1). The following screen will appear: (sine wave on x - y coordinate lines) X=-360. Y=0 Notice that a cursor has appeared at the left-most point on the X axis and its coordinates have appeared at the bottom of the screen. Move the cursor to the right by pressing the (->) key, then back to the left using the (<-) key. Pressing the button once will move the cursor one point, while holding it down will cause continuous movement. (The values may be approximated due to the space limitations of the screen.) 2. Press Coord (F6) to view the full value of the X coordinate in unabbrev- iated form. 3. Press Coord (F6) to view the full value of the Y coordinate in unabbrev- iated form. 4. Press Coord (F6) a third time to see both coordinates simultaneously. 5. Press Trace (F1) to exit the trace function. Scrolling in four directions 1. Pressing any arrow key lets you scroll to see different sections of your graph. Returning to your original graph After scrolling, you needn't retrace your steps to get back to your original graph. You can do it quickly and easily using the function keys (F keys) to enter a selection from one of the many FUNCTION MENUS the EC-4034 employs. A function menu is a group of up to 6 functions that are displayed across the bottom of the screen. To select one of the choices, press the corresponding F key. 2. Using the (->) key, scroll so the Y axis is at the left of the screen. 3. Press Zoom (F2) and the following screen will appear: Graph Y=sin done BOX FCT xf x1/f ORG (F1) (F2) (F3) (F4) (F5) (F6) The first five function keys in the function menu each correspond to one of the five boxes along the bottom of the screen. (The sixth function key is inactive in this instance.) The one we'll concern ourselves with now is (F5) which corresponds to ORG (original) on the screen. 4. Press (F5) to bring you back to your original graph. Zoom function Another of the powerful graphing features of the EC-4034 is zooming. This allows you to enlarge a portion of your graph for detailed analysis, or zoom out for a broader view. Zooming in 1. Press (F2) The following screen will appear: Graph Y=sin done BOX FCT xf x1/f ORG 2. Press (F3) which corresponds to the xf box on the screen, to zoom in on your graph. The screen will now show a view that is enlarged by a pre- determined factor. (Later in the manual, you'll learn how to set your own factor of enlargement or reduction.) 3. Press (F2) to show the zoom function menu. 4. Press (F5) to return to your original graph. Zooming out 5. Press (F2) to show the zoom function menu. 6. Press (F4) which corresponds to X1/f on the screen, to zoom away from the graph. The screen should now look like this: (sine wave on x - y coordinates lines) Using the Box function to zoom This function lets you define any portion of the screen and magnify it for further analysis. 1. Press (F2) to display the zoom function menu. 2. Press (F1) which corresponds to BOX on the screen. The following screen will appear: (sine wave on x - y coordinate lines) X=9.E-11 Y=6.E-13 Notice that the blinking cursor is at the origin. 3. Using the arrow keys, move the cursor to a spot which will define one corner of the area, or "box," you wish to zoom in on. 4. Press EXE to "anchor" the cursor, creating the first corner of the box. Now, use the arrow keys to draw a box over the area you wish to enlarge. 5. Press (EXE) and the area you defined will enlarge to fill the entire screen. 6. Press (F2) to display the zoom function menu. 7. Press (PRE) twice to clear the zoom function menu. INTEGRATION GRAPH Setting the mode 1. Press (MODE) (SHIFT) (+) to set the graph mode to rectangular coord- inates graph. Setting the range Before graphing an integral, you need to define the range of each axis by setting its maximum and minimum value. You also need to set the scale by which each axis will be divided. This is done as follows: 2. Press (AC) 3. Press (RANGE) to display the range input screen. 4. Set the Xmin range to - 5 by pressing (-) (5) Press (EXE) and - 5 will overwrite the existing value and move the cursor to the next value. 5. Set the X max range to 10 by pressing (1) (0) (EXE) 6. Set the X scl (scale) to 5 by pressing (5) (EXE) 7. Set the Y min range to -8 by pressing (-) (8) (EXE) 8. Set the Y max range to 8 by pressing (8) (EXE) 9. Set the Y scl (scale) to 5 by pressing (5) (EXE) The following screen will appear: Range T,0 min:0. max:360. ptch:3.6 INIT This second range screen is sometimes needed to set additional values. However, since none are necessary for this example, press (RANGE) to bypass the screen. Creating the graph An integration graph is just one of many types of graphs the EC-4034 can generate in just a few keystrokes. EXAMPLE: S 5/l(X-1) (X-5) dx 10. Press (SHIFT) G-fdx (G<-->T) 11. Press ( ( ) (X,[phase angle] T) (-) (1) ( ) ) ( ( ) (X,[phase angle],T) (-) (5) ( ) ) (SHIFT) (->) (1) (SHIFT) (->) (5) 12. Press (EXE) and your graph will appear on screen as follows: (bottom 1/2 of sine wave on x - y co- ordinate lines) S dx= -10.6666667 (Shading is automatic) POLAR GRAPH Setting the mode (in Rad mode) 1. Press (SHIFT) (1) (F2) (EXE) (MODE) (SHIFT) (-) to set the graph mode to polar. Setting the range 2. Press (AC) 3. Set the range parameters to match the following screen. Range Xmin:-12. max:12. scl:2. Ymin:-8. max:8. scl:2. INIT Remember to press (EXE) after each value to move the cursor to the next field. If you have trouble, refer back to page XIII. 3. This time, we will also need to enter values in the second range screen. Set those to match the screen to the right. Range T, O min:0. max:3(pi). ptch:(pi)/36 INIT Remember to press (EXE) after each value is entered. Setting the range Creating the graph EXAMPLE: r=0 4. Press (Graph) (X,[phase angle],T) (EXE) and the graph will appear on the screen as follows: (spiral on x - y co- ordinate lines) INEQUALITY GRAPH Setting the mode 1. Press (MODE) (SHIFT) ( / ) to set the graph mode to inequality. Setting the range 2. Press (AC) 3. Set the range parameters to match the following screen. Range Xmin:-5. max:10. scl:5. Ymin:-15 max:10 scl:5. INIT Remember to press (EXE) after each value to move the cursor to the next field. When the second range screen appears, press (RANGE) to bypass it, as again it is unnecessary for this example. Creating the graph EXAMPLE: Y> X^2 - 5x - 5 Y< X - 2 4. Press (Graph) and the following screen will appear: (Y>) (Y<) (Y>/=) (Y box on the screen. 6. Press (X,[phase angle],T) (SHIFT) x^2 (square root) (-) (5) (X,[phase angle],T) (-) (5) (EXE) The following screen will appear: (bottom 1/2 of sine wave on x - y co- ordinate lines) 7. Press Graph to enter the next inequality. 8. Press (F2) which corresponds to the Y< box on the screen. 9. Press (X,[phase angle],T) (-) (2) (EXE). The following screen will appear: (bottom 1/2 of sine wave on x - y co- ordinate lines with angled line dissec- ting the sine wave) If you've completed this Quick-Start section, you are well on your way to becoming an expert user of the EC-4034 Power Graphic Calculator. To learn all about the many powerful features of the EC-4034, read on and explore! (BR/EB 7/18/96)